Ética
en la consulta:
Las voluntades anticipadas
bibliografía
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clínicas en pacientes incapaces, Triacastela, Madrid, 2004.
Otra definición
interesante puede encontrarse en David John Doukas y William Reichel, Planning
for Uncertainty. A Guide to Living Wills and Other Advance Directives for Health
Care, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1993, p. 1.
Una distinción
similar, pero usando otros términos y otra manera de definirlos, la encontramos
en Hans-Martin Sass, "Advance directives", en Ruth Chadwick (ed.), Encyclopedia
of Applied Ethics. vol. 1, Academic Press, San Diego, 1998, p. 41.
The Hastings
Center, "The Goals of Medicine. Setting New Priorities. An International
Project of The Hastings Center", Suplemento especial, Hastings Center Report,
vol. 26, nº 6, noviembre-diciembre, 1996, pp. S1-S27.
Cf. Tom L. Beauchamp
y James F. Childress, Principios de ética biomédica, Masson, Barcelona,
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en los confines de la vida", en Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud,
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Jornada organizada por la Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud y celebrada
el 25 de octubre de 1995, Doce Calles, Madrid, 1996, p. 135.
Carlos María
Romeo Casabona, "Los testamentos biológicos y el rechazo de los tratamientos
vitales", en Salvador Urraca (ed.), Eutanasia hoy. Un debate abierto, Noesis,
Madrid, 1996, p. 268.
Cf. Silva-Ruiz, Pedro F., "El derecho a morir con
dignidad y el testamento vital", Boletín de Información. Ministerio
de Justicia, vol. 46, nº 1651, 1992, pp. 129-141 (5677-5689).
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May, "Betreuungsrecht und Selbstbestimmung am Lebensende", Zentrum für
Medizinische Ethik. Medizinethische Materialien, nº 117, septiembre, 1998,
p. 49.
Peter A. Singer, "Advance Directives in Palliative Care",
Journal of Palliative Care, vol. 10, nº 3, otoño, 1994, p. 111.
David John Doukas y William Reichel, Planning for Uncertainty. A Guide to Living
Wills and Other Advance Directives for Health Care, op. cit., p. 2.
Valerio
Pocar, Filippo D'Ambrogi y Luciano Orsi, "Note illustrative sulla proposta
di legge", en Consulta di Bioetica, "Proposta di legge sul consenso
informato e sulle direttive anticipate", Bioetica. Rivista interdisciplinare,
vol. 6, nº 2, 1998, p. 315.
Linda L. Emanuel, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, John
D. Stoeckle, Lacinda R. Hummel y Michael J. Barry, "Advance Directives. Stability
of Patients' Treatment Choices", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 154,
24 de enero, 1994, p. 209.
Rita Kielstein y Hans-Martin Sass, "Wertanamnese
und Betreuungsverfügung. Instrumente zur Selbstbestimmung des Patienten und
zur Entscheidungshilfe des Arztes und Betreuers", Zentrum für Medizinische
Ethik. Medizinethische Materialien, vol. 81, 3ª ed. revisada, julio, 1995,
p. 14.
John La Puma, "Are Advance Directives the Answer for the Frail
Elderly?", en Ellen Olson, Eileen R. Chichin, Leslie S. Libow (eds.), Controversies
in Ethics in Long-Term Care, Springer Publishing Company, Nueva York, 1995, p.
2.
Hans-Martin Sass, "Advance directives", en Ruth Chadwick (ed.),
Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics. Volume 1, op. cit., p. 42.
Kevin M. McIntyre,
Editorial: "On Advancing Advance Directives. Why Should We Believe the Promise?",
Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 155, 27 de noviembre, 1995, p. 2272.
Harry
M. Kuitert, Cap. 17: "Die schriftliche Willenserklärung", Der gewünschte
Tod. Euthanasie und humanes Sterben, Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, Gütersloh,
1991, p. 129.
Terry J. Barnett, Living Wills and More. Everything You Need
to Ensure That All Your Medical Wishes Are Followed, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
Nueva York, 1992, p. 12.
Peter A. Singer, "Advance Directives in Palliative
Care", Journal of Palliative Care, vol. 10, nº 3, otoño, 1994,
p. 114.
Cf. Rita Kielstein y Hans-Martin Sass, "Wertanamnese und Betreuungsverfügung.
Instrumente zur Selbstbestimmung des Patienten und zur Entscheidungshilfe des
Arztes und Betreuers", Zentrum für Medizinische Ethik. Medizinethische
Materialien, vol. 81, 3ª ed. revisada, julio, 1995, pp. 1-31.
Christopher
V. Chambers, James J. Diamond, Robert L. Perkel y Lori A. Lasch, "Relationship
of Advance Directives to Hospital Charges in a Medicare Population", Archives
of Internal Medicine, vol. 154, 14 de marzo, 1994, p. 541.
Lawrence J. Markson,
James Fanale, Knight Steel, Donald Kern y George Annas, "Implementing Advance
Directives in the Primary Care Setting", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.
154, 24 de octubre, 1994, p. 2321.
Brendan M. Reilly, Michael Wagner, C. Richard
Magnussen, James Ross, Louis Papa y Jeffrey Ash, "Promoting Inpatient Directives
About Life-Sustaining Treatments in a Community Hospital. Results of a 3-Year
Time-Series Intervention Trial", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 155,
27 de noviembre, 1995, p. 2317.
Diego Gracia, "Cuestiones de vida o muerte.
Dilemas éticos en los confines de la vida", en Fundación de
Ciencias de la Salud, Morir con dignidad, op. cit., p. 136.
Cf. Muriel R.
Gillick, "A Broader Role for Advance Medical Planning", Annals of Internal
Medicine, vol. 123, nº 8, 15 de octubre, 1995, pp. 621-624.
Tracey Dare,
"Whose life is it anyway? Issues surrounding end-of-life decisions in intensive
care", Nursing in Critical Care, vol. 3, nº 1, 1998, p. 16.
David
John Doukas y William Reichel, Planning for Uncertainty, op. cit. p. 11.
Octavi
Quintana-Trias, Por una muerte sin lágrimas. Problemas éticos al
final de la vida, Flor del Viento, Barcelona, 1997, p. 173.
Larry VandeCreek
y Deborah Frankowski, "Barriers that Predict Resistance to Completing a Living
Will", Death Studies, vol. 20, 1996, p. 73.
Cf. Monique Ouellette, "Le
testament de vie", en Guy Durand y Catherine Perrotin (eds.), Contribution
à la réflexion bioéthique. Dialogue France-Québec,
Fides, Cap-Saint-Ignace, 1991, p. 212.
David John Doukas y William Reichel,
Planning for Uncertainty, op. cit., p. 49.
Paolo Cattorini, Cap. 3: "Direttive
anticipate del malato. Pro e contro", La morte offesa. Espropriazione del
morire ed etica della resistenza al male, Edizioni Dehoniane Bologna, Bolonia,
1996, p. 118.
Nancy M. P. King, Making Sense of Advance Directives. Revised
Edition, op. cit., p. 136.
Diego Gracia, "Cuestiones de vida o muerte.
Dilemas éticos en los confines de la vida", en Fundación de
Ciencias de la Salud, Morir con dignidad. Dilemas éticos en el final de
la vida, op. cit., p. 135.
David John Doukas y William Reichel, Planning for
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Cf. J.S. Janofsky, J.S. McCarthy
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Psychiatry, vol. 43, nº 2, 1992, pp. 132-136.
Nancy M. P. King, Making
Sense of Advance Directives. Revised Edition, op. cit., p. 104.
Arthur S.
Berger, When Life Ends. Legal Overviews, Medicolegal Forms, and Hospital Policies,
Praeger, Westport, Connecticut, 1995, p. 47.
Jaya Virmani, Lawrence J. Schneiderman,
Robert M. Kaplan, "Relationship of Advance Directives to Physician-Patient
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p. 909.
Brendan M. Reilly, C. Richard Magnussen, James Ross, Jeffrey Ash,
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24 de octubre, 1994, p. 2299.
Sean R. Morrison, Elizabeth W. Morrison, Denise
F. Glickman, "Physician Reluctance to Discuss Advance Directives. An Empiric
Investigation of Potential Barriers", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol.
154, 24 de octubre, 1994, p. 2311,
Association pour le Droit de Mourir dans
la Dignité, "Dossier: Le testament de vie", ADMD Bulletin Trimestriel,
nº 69, septiembre, 1998, p. 4.
Terry J. Barnett, Living Wills and More.
Everything You Need to Ensure That All Your Medical Wishes Are Followed, op. cit.,
p. 15.
Cf. Kent Davidson y Ray Moseley, "Talking with Patients about
Advance Directives: The Role of the Primary Care Physician", en Chris Hackler,
Ray Moseley, y Dorothy E. Vawter (eds.), Advance Directives in Medicine, Praeger
Publishers, Nueva York, 1989, pp. 121-125.
Joseph J. Fins, "Advance Directives
and SUPPORT", JAGS (Journal of the American Geriatrics Society), vol. 45,
nº 4, abril, 1997, p. 520.
Steven H. Miles, Robert Koepp y Eileen P.
Weber, "Advance End-of-Life Treatment Planning. A Research Review",
Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 156, 27 de mayo, 1996, p. 1066.
David
John Doukas y William Reichel, Planning for Uncertainty, op. cit., p. 50
Terry
J. Barnett, Living Wills and More. Everything You Need to Ensure That All Your
Medical Wishes Are Followed, op. cit., p. 13.
Jiska Cohen-Mansfield, Beth
A. Rabinovich, Steven Lipson, Adele Fein, Barbara Gerber, Shulamith Weisman y
Gregory Pawlson, "The Decision to Execute a Durable Power of Attorney for
Health Care and Preferences Regarding the Utilization of Life-Sustaining Treatments
in Nursing Home Residents", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 151, febrero,
1991, p. 291.
Terry J. Barnett, Living Wills and More. Everything You Need
to Ensure That All Your Medical Wishes Are Followed, op. cit, p. 16.
Steven
Miles, Robert Koepp y Eileen P. Weber, "Advance End-of-Life Treatment Planning.
A Research Review", Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 156, 27 de mayo,
1996, p. 1066.
David John Doukas y William Reichel, Planning for Uncertainty,
op. cit., pp. 50-51.
Margaret Pabst Battin, Cap. 2: "The Eclipse of Altruism:
The Moral Cost of Deciding for Others", The Least Worst Death. Essays in
Bioethics on the End of Life, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994, p. 54.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid., p. 55.
Nancy M. P. King, Making Sense of Advance
Directives. Revised Edition, op. cit., pp. 80-81.
Linda L. Emanuel, Ezekiel
J. Emanuel, John D. Stoeckle, Lacinda R. Hummel y Michael J. Barry, "Advance
Directives. Stability of Patients' Treatment Choices", Archives of Internal
Medicine, vol. 154, 24 de enero, 1994, p. 209.
Cf. Jim Stone, "Advance
Directives, Autonomy and Unintended Death", Bioethics, vol. 8, nº 3,
1994, pp. 223-246.
David J. Roy, John R. William, Bernard M. Dickens y Jean-Louis
Baudouin, La bioéthique. Ses fondements et ses controverses, Renouveau
Pédagogique, Saint-Laurent, Québec, 1995, p. 443.
Paolo Cattorini,
Cap. 3: "Direttive anticipate del malato. Pro e contro", La morte offesa.
Espropriazione del morire ed etica della resistenza al male, op. cit., p. 101.
Association pour le Droit de Mourir dans la Dignité, "Dossier: Le
testament de vie", ADMD Bulletin Trimestriel, nº 69, septiembre, 1998,
p. 5.
Hans-Martin Sass y Rita Kielstein, "Die medizinische Betreuungsverfügung
in der Praxis. Vorbereitungsmaterial. Modell einer Betreuungsverfügung. Hinweise
für Ärzte, Bevollmächtigte, Geistliche und Anwälte, Zentrum
für Medizinische Ethik. Medizinethische Materialien, nº 111, octubre,
1996, p. 10.
Cf. Paolo Cattorini, Cap. 3: "Direttive anticipate del malato.
Pro e contro", La morte offesa. Espropriazione del morire ed etica della
resistenza al male, op. cit., pp. 130-131.
Nancy M. P. King, Making Sense
of Advance Directives. Revised Edition, op. cit., p. 103.
Ibid., p. 106.
Giacomo Perico, "'Testamento biologico' e malati terminali", Aggiornamenti
sociali, nº 11, 1992, pp. 680-681.
Cf. ibid., p. 685.
Cf. Nancy M.P.
King, Making Sense of Advance Directives. Revised Edition, op. cit., pp. 226 y
s.
Ibid., p. 228.
Cf. David C. Thomasma, "Advance Directives and
Health Care for the Elderly", en Chris Hackler / Ray Moseley / Dorothy E.
Vawter (eds.), Advance Directives in Medicine, Praeger Publishers, Nueva York,
1989, pp. 104-105.
Nancy M.P. King, Making Sense of Advance Directives. Revised
Edition, op. cit., p. 228.
Terry J. Barnett, Living Wills and More. Everything
You Need to Ensure That All Your Medical Wishes Are Followed, op. cit., p. 13.
Cf. Lawrence J. Schneiderman and Nancy S. Jecker, Cap. 4: "Families who want
Everything Done", en Wrong Medicine. Doctors, Patients, and Futile Treatment,
The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1995, p. 64.
Paolo Cattorini,
Cap. 3: "Direttive anticipate del malato. Pro e contro", La morte offesa.
Espropriazione del morire ed etica della resistenza al male, op. cit., p. 121.
Joanne Lynn y Joan M. Teno, "Advance Directives", en Warren Thomas Reich
(ed.), Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Revised Edition, MacMillan Library Reference
USA / Simon and Schuster MacMillan, Nueva York, 1995, p. 574.
Cf. Joanne Lynn,
"Why I Don't Have a Living Will", Law, Medicine and Health Care, 19:1-2,
1991, pp. 101-104.
Hans-Jürgen Rieger, "Patiententestament",
Lexikon des Arztrechts, Walter de Gruyter, Berlín / Nueva York, 1984, p.
623.
Ibid., pp. 623-624.
Carlos María Romeo Casabona, "Los
testamentos biológicos y el rechazo de los tratamientos vitales",
en Savador Urraca (ed.), Eutanasia hoy. Un debate abierto, op. cit., p. 268.
Wilhelm Uhlenbruck, "Patiententestament", en Albin Eser, Markus von
Lutterotti y Paul Sporken (eds.), Lexikon Medizin Ethik Recht, Herder, Friburgo,
1989, p. 786.
The Hastings Center, "An Alert and Incompetent Self. The
Irrelevance of Advance Directives", The Hastings Center Report, vol. 28,
nº 1, enero-febrero, 1998, p. 28.
Rebecca Dresser, "An Alert and
Incompetent Self. The Irrelevance of Advance Directives. Commentary", The
Hastings Center Report, vol. 28, nº 1, enero-febrero, 1998, p. 29.
Alan
B. Astrow, "An Alert and Incompetent Self. The Irrelevance of Advance Directives.
Commentary", The Hastings Center Report, vol. 28, nº 1, enero-febrero,
1998, p. 30.
Rebecca S. Dresser, "Advance Directives, Self-Determination,
and Personal Identity", en Chris Hackler, Ray Moseley y Dorothy E. Vawter
(eds.), Advance Directives in Medicine, Praeger Publishers, Nueva York, 1989,
p. 160.
Ibid., p. 165.
Allen E. Buchanan y Dan W. Brock, Deciding for
Others. The Ethics of Surrogate Decision Making, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1990, pp. 184-185.
Nancy M. P. King, Making Sense of Advance Directives. Revised
Edition, op. cit., p. 107.
John La Puma, "Are Advance Directives the
Answer for the Frail Elderly?", en Ellen Olson, Eileen R. Chichin, Leslie
S. Libow (eds.), Controversies in Ethics in Long-Term Care, op. cit., p. 5.
Ibid.
Cf. Jim Stone, "Advance Directives, Autonomy and Unintended Death",
Bioethics, vol. 8, nº 3, 1994, pp. 223-246.
Danielle Blondeau, "Testament
de vie", en Gilbert Hottois y Marie-Hélène Parizeau (eds.),
Les mots de la bioéthique. Un vocabulaire encyclopédique, op. cit.,
p. 335.
Octavi Quintana, Por una muerte sin lágrimas. Problemas éticos
al final de la vida, Flor del viento, Barcelona, 1997, p. 162.
A. A. Howsepian,
"Are Advance Directives an Advance?", Ethics and Medicine. An International
Christian Perspective on Bioethics, vol. 14, nº 2, 1998, p. 34.
Nancy
M. P. King, Making Sense of Advance Directives. Revised Edition, op. cit., p.
82.
Ibid., p. 83.
Ibid., p. 84.
Monique Ouellette, "Le testament
de vie", en Guy Durand y Catherine Perrotin (eds.), Contribution à
la réflexion bioéthique. Dialogue France-Québec, op. cit.,
p. 218.
Ibid.
Luke Gormally, "The Living Will: The Ethical Framework
of a Recent Report", en Luke Gormally (ed.), The Dependent Elderly: Autonomy,
Justice, and Quality of Care, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992, p.
65.
A. A. Howsepian, "Are Advance Directives an Advance?", Ethics
and Medicine. An International Christian Perspective on Bioethics, vol. 14, nº
2, 1998, p. 40.
David J. Roy, John R. William, Bernard M. Dickens y Jean-Louis
Baudouin, La bioéthique. Ses fondements et ses controverses, op. cit. p.
443.
Cf. Paolo Cattorini, Cap. 3: "Direttive anticipate del malato. Pro
e contro", La morte offesa. Espropriazione del morire ed etica della resistenza
al male, op. cit., p. 119.
Ibid., p. 24.
Luke Gormally, "The Living
Will: The Ethical Framework of a Recent Report", en Luke Gormally (ed.),
The Dependent Elderly: Autonomy, Justice, and Quality of Care, op. cit., p. 66.
volver